🇪🇺 EU

🚢 Customs Duty

CBAM Carbon Tax €60-90/ton

Effective 2026, clearance 2027; steel/aluminum/cement/fertilizer/electricity/hydrogen

Regular Import Duty 0%-26.5%

Depends on HS code and origin

🏢 Corporate Income Tax Varies

Germany ~30%

Federal 15% + local trade tax ~15%

France 25.8%

Standard 25% + social surcharge 3.3%

Netherlands 25.8%

Innovation box only 9%

💰 Value-Added Tax (VAT) 17%-27%

Standard Range 17%-27%

Luxembourg 17%, Hungary 27%; Germany 19%, France 20%

Cross-border B2B Reverse charge

Intra-EU B2B services: reverse charge mechanism

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